1 Item Set or Lot of a Thomas Nast Front Cover Illustration of "The Annual Sacrifice That Cheers Many Hearts" That was Published by Harper's Weekly on November 28, 1885. Includes:

ITEM 1.) "The Annual Sacrifice That Cheers Many Hearts"; Print depicts a Pilgrim about to carve a huge steaming Turkey while an Indian (Native American) and many others gather around "The Union Altar" with plates and utensils prepared for a Thanksgiving Feast;

Artist Thomas Nast;

Black Ink Cover, 11" x 13";

Published as the middle and lower portion of Front Cover, Page ??? of Harper's Weekly, November 28, 1885;

The very top of page ??? with the masthead of "Harper's Weekly - A Journal of Civilization" is missing; Vol. XXIX - No. 1510; New York, Saturday, November 28, 1885, Price and Copyright Notice;

The reverse page, Page ???, has: "The President and the Parties" (Mr. Whittier and Whether or Not the Republican Party truly supports Reform and the Role of the Democratic Party as the opposition party); "The Adirondack Question" (The environmental consequences of deforestation in the Adirondack Wilderness including the endangerment of the Water supply for downstream communities along the Hudson River; This discussion preceeded the establishment of the Adirondack Park in 1892; This is the largest Park in the US); and "Riel" (Commentary on the execution of Louis Riel in Canada, See Historical Note Below);

NOTE: I am not qualified to distinguish between the various types of illustrations (copper engraving, Steel Engraving, Wood Engraving, Etching, Lithograph or Photogravure); however, my understanding is that Harper's and other similar publications in this era generally used wood engravings; on request, I will attempt to provide any details of the prints which may help determine the type of print;

Condition good to fair; page has been removed from the magazine, trimmed to the dimensions of the print, no loss to the engraving, but some text on the reverse is missing; some spotting and edge tears; covers show some storage wear; in condition suitable for framing;

HISTORICAL NOTE: "Thomas Nast (September 27, 1840 – December 7, 1902) was a famous German-American caricaturist & editorial cartoonist in the 19th century & is considered to be the "Father of the American Cartoon." He was born in the barracks of Landau, Germany (in the Rhine Palatinate), the son of a trombonist in the 9th regiment Bavarian band. The elder Nast's socialist political convictions put him at odds with the German government, & in 1846 he left Landau, enlisting 1st on a French man-of-war & subsequently on an American ship. He sent his wife & children to New York City, & at the end of his enlistment in 1849 he joined them there. Thomas Nast's passion for drawing was apparent from an early age, & he was enrolled for about a year of study with Alfred Fredericks & Theodore Kaufmann & at the school of the National Academy of Design. After school (at the age of 15), he started working in 1855 as a draftsman for Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper; three years afterwards for Harper's Weekly. Nast drew for Harper's Weekly from 1859 to 1860 & from 1862 until 1886. In February 1860 he went to England for the New York Illustrated News to depict one of the major sporting events of the era, the prize fight between the American John C. Heenan & the English Thomas Sayers. A few months later, as artist for The Illustrated London News, he joined Garibaldi in Italy. Nast's cartoons & articles about the Garibaldi military campaign to unify Italy captured the popular imagination in the U.S. In 1861, he married Sarah Edwards, whom he had met two years earlier. His 1st serious works in caricature was the cartoon "Peace," (made in 1862) directed against those in the North who opposed the prosecution of the American Civil War. This & his other cartoons during the Civil War & Reconstruction days were published in Harper's Weekly. He was known for drawing battlefields in border & southern states. These attracted great attention, & Nast was called by President Abraham Lincoln "our best recruiting sergeant". Later, Nast strongly opposed President Andrew Johnson & his Reconstruction policy. Nast's drawings were instrumental in the downfall of Boss Tweed, the powerful Tammany Hall leader. As commissioner of public works for New York City, Tweed led a ring that, by 1870, had gained total cotrol of the city's government, & controlled "a working majority in the State Legislature". Tweed & his associates—Peter Barr Sweeny (park commissioner), Richard B. Connolly (controller of public expenditures), & Mayor A. Oakey Hall—defrauded the city of many millions of dollars by grossly inflating expenses paid to contractors connected to the Ring. Nast, whose cartoons attacking Tammany corruption had appeared occasionally since 1867, intensified his focus on the four principal players in 1870 & especially in 1871. Tweed so feared Nast's campaign that an emissary was sent to offer Thomas Nast a large bribe, which was represented as a gift from a group of wealthy benefactors to enable Nast to study art in Europe. Feigning interest, Nast bid the initial offer of $100,000 dollars up to $500,000 before declaring, "I don't think I'll do it". Nast pressed his attack, & an indignant public rose against the Ring, which was removed from power in the election of November 7, 1871. Tweed was arrested in 1873 & convicted of fraud. When Tweed attempted to escape justice in December 1875 by fleeing to Cuba & from there to Spain, officials in Vigo, Spain were able to identify the fugitive by using one of Nast's cartoons. Nast believed that the well-organized Irish immigrant communities in New York had provided the basis for Tweed's popular support. Because of this—along with Nast's Anti-Catholic & Nativist beliefs—Nast often portrayed the Irish immigrant community, & Catholic Church leaders, with extreme prejudice. In 1871, one of his works, titled "The American River Ganges", infamously portrayed Catholic bishops as crocodiles waiting to attack American school children. Nast's anti-Irish sentiment is apparent in his characteristic depiction of the Irish as violent drunks, often with ape-like features. In general, his political cartoons supported American Indians, Chinese Americans & advocated abolition of slavery. Nast also dealt with segregation & the violence of the Ku Klux Klan, which was detailed in one of his more famous cartoons called "Worse than Slavery", which showed a despondent black family having their house destroyed by arson, & two members of the Ku Klux Klan & White League are shaking hands in their mutually destructive work against black Americans. His cartoons frequently had numerous sidebars & panels with intricate subplots to the main cartoon. A Sunday feature could provide hours of entertainment & highlight social causes. His signature "Tammany Tiger" has been emulated by many cartoonists over the years, & he introduced into American cartoons the practice of modernizing scenes from Shakespeare for a political purpose. Harper's Weekly, & Nast, played an important role in the election of Ulysses Grant in 1868 & 1872; in the latter campaign, Nast's ridicule of Horace Greeley's candidacy was especially merciless. Nast became a close friend of President Grant & the two families shared regular dinners until Grant's death. Nast encouraged the former president's efforts in writing his autobiography while battling cancer. He moved to Morristown, New Jersey in 1872 & lived there for many years. In 1873, Nast toured the US as a lecturer & a sketch-artist, as he would do again in 1885 & 1887. He shared political views with his friend Mark Twain & was for many years a staunch Republican. Nast opposed inflation of the currency, notably with his famous rag-baby cartoons, & he played an important part in securing Rutherford B. Hayes’ presidential election in 1876. Hayes later remarked that Nast was "the most powerful, single-handed aid [he] had", but Nast quickly became disillusioned with President Hayes, whose policy of Southern pacification he opposed. He was not given free rein to attack Hayes in Harper's, however; with the death of Fletcher Harper in 1877, Nast lost an important champion at the journal, & his contributions became less frequent. He focused on oil paintings & book illustrations, but these are comparatively unimportant. In 1884, his advocacy of civil service reform & his distrust of James G. Blaine, the Republican presidential candidate, forced him to become a Mugwump, whose support of Grover Cleveland helped him to win election as the 1st Democratic president since 1856. In the words of the artist's grandson, Thomas Nast St Hill, "it was generally conceded that Nast's support won Cleveland the small margin by which he was elected. In this his last national political campaign, Nast had, in fact, 'made a president.'" Nevertheless, Nast's tenure at Harper's Weekly ended with his Christmas illustration of December 1886. In the words of journalist Henry Watterson, "in quitting Harper's Weekly, Nast lost his forum: in losing him, Harper's Weekly lost its political importance." In 1890, he published Thomas Nast's Christmas Drawings for the Human Race. He contributed cartoons in various publications, notably the Illustrated American, but with the advent of new methods & younger blood his vogue was passed. In 1892, he took control of a failing magazine, the New York Gazette, & renamed it Nast's Weekly. Now returned to the Republican fold, Nast used the Weekly as a vehicle for his cartoons supporting Benjamin Harrison for president, but the magazine had little impact & ceased publication shortly after Harrison's defeat. In 1902 Theodore Roosevelt appointed him as the United States' Consul General to Guayaquil, Ecuador in South America. During a deadly yellow fever outbreak, Nast stayed to the end helping numerous diplomatic missions & businesses escape the contagion. At age 62, in 1902, he died of yellow fever contracted there. His body was returned to the US where he was interred in the Woodlawn Cemetery in The Bronx, New York. Nast's depiction of iconic characters, such as Santa Claus and Uncle Sam, are widely credited with giving us the recognized versions we see today: A classic version of Santa Claus, drawn in 1863 for Harper's Weekly. Before then, most depictions of Santa Claus showed a tall, thin man. Nast drew him as the bearded, plump man known today; Republican Party elephant; Democratic Party donkey; Tammany Hall tiger, a symbol of Boss Tweed's political machine; Columbia, a graceful image of the Americas as a woman, usually in flowing gown & tiara, carrying a sword to defend the downtrodden; Uncle Sam, a lanky image of the United States (1st drawn in the 1830s; Nast & John Tenniel added the goatee); John Confucius, a variation of John Chinaman, a traditional caricature of a Chinese Immigrant. There is a misconception among some that the word "nasty" originated from Thomas Nast's name, due to the tone of his cartoons. However, the word "nasty" has origins hundreds of years before Thomas Nast was born.;"

HISTORICAL NOTE: "Louis Riel – Martyr, hero or traitor? by Bruce Ricketts; Where does one begin writing about Louis Riel & how does one encapsulate his life, accomplishments & his mistakes. Mysteries of Canada is not intended to be a singular source of reference for any one subject. Our intent is to pique your imagination & your interest in a subject – to want you to read more. So it is with the story of Louis Riel. There is so much which needs to be left out to make this story fit the site. We can only urge you to investigate & come to your own conclusion. Louis Riel was born October 22, 1844 on a farmstead at the juncture of the Red & Seine rivers, present day Winnipeg. He was hung as a traitor on November 16, 1885. During those 41 years Riel would help found two Canadian provinces, find identity for the Métis people & shake up the status quo of Canada. Louis Riel was branded a traitor to Canada – but he was no traitor. He was a patriot who stood up for his people & his beliefs. He was also a victim of prevailing prejudices of his time. In November of 1869 Riel, as a leader of the Métis people & the territory of Red River, spearheaded the writing of a List of Rights preceding the entry of Manitoba into confederation. These rights were not the musings of a revolutionary – but rather that of a democrat. Understand that at the time the French-speakers (as they were called) & the French-speaking Métis were very much in the majority in the Territory. In part, the List of Rights included: That the people have the right to elect their own legislature, That all sheriffs, magistrates, constable, school commissioners, etc. be elected by the people, That English & French were to be commonly used by the government, That all documents & Acts of the legislature be published in English & French, That (the Territory) have a fair & full representation in the Canadian Parliament, That all privileges, customs & usage existing at the time of the transfer be respected. There was, at this time, in the territory, however, a group of transplanted Loyalists who saw this list as evidence of sedition. And they had the ear of the Government of Canada. The Government procrastinated on accepting the List of Rights. In frustration at the lack of action from Canada & in response to a transfer of the territory from Hudson’s Bay Company, Riel established a provisional government to fill a perceived governance void. Part of the reason for the establishment of the Provisional Government was a response to pressures from the United States for the territory to become part of the Union. Riel fought against the Americans & helped bring, what was to be later called, Manitoba into confederation with Canada. However good & well-intentioned the Provisional Government was, it was seen as a revolution by the Government of Canada. It was also seen as thus to a group of Orangemen originally from Upper Canada. A group of these men took their revenge on Riel & his Provisional Government by trying to overthrow it. Thomas Scott, a violent & racist man & one of the persons attempting the overthrow, was caught & charged with treason. After a lengthy trial (which seems to have been more democratic than Riel's own trial!) Scott was found guilty & executed by a firing squad. For his part in the creation of the Provisional Government (& partially for the death of Scott), Riel was branded a traitor himself. He was promised an amnesty by the Prime Minister of Canada but it never came. In 1875 Riel was banished to the US for five years. Banishment was not easy on Riel. Cut off from his country & his people he lapsed into deep states of depression mixed with states of utter euphoria. He began to talk about encounters with the "Divine Spirit" & believing himself to be a prophet of the New World. Riel was smuggled by friends across the border & on March 6, 1876, he was committed to an asylum in Quebec. Some say that Riel was suffering delusions. Some say that Riel was acting crazy for his own purposes. Whatever the truth, Louis was treated as insane for almost two years & finally released January 29, 1878. In June 1883, Riel decided to return to Manitoba. Finding only menial work & an uncomfortable environment, he uprooted his family & moved to Battoche, Saskatchewan. In Battoche he was greeted as a hero by the Métis who had relocated to the area from Winnipeg when immigration from the east had made them a minority. The Prime Minister of the day was John A. MacDonald. He was not considered a good friend of the people of the prairies. There was even secession talk. The idea of the West forming a new country with Manitoba, the North West Territories & British Columbia was a big topic of the day. Combine this with the widespread starvation & scurvy epidemic which affected the west in 1883 – 84 and you just knew that something was going to happen. And John A. didn’t help matters any when, in response to the pleas for food, he sent in more police. On March 5, 1885, Riel met with 10 other Métis & swore an oath to: "… save our country from a wicked government by taking up arms, if necessary." It all went downhill from here. It all seemed to boil to a head at a place called Duck Lake. Here some of Riel’s compatriots (but apparently not Riel) had a confrontation with the local constabulary. A number of police were killed & captured. On March 29, the Stoney Indians shot & killed a government teacher who refused to give them food for their starving tribe. On March 30, the Cree, similarly hungry & frustrated, sacked the fort at Battleford. On April 2, nine whites were killed by Indians during an attack on Fort Pitt. In all this Riel was seen by the Métis & the Indians as the "spiritual leader". The government of Canada, on the contrary, saw Riel as a trouble maker, a zealot & a traitor. By May 15, it was all over. The armies & police of Canada had put down the revolt & a shoeless Louis Riel surrendered his freedom to the police. He was transferred to Regina & charged with high treason. In a trial which lasted two weeks Riel was found guilty. His lawyers appealed of course but to no avail. Riel’s fate was sealed. November 16, 1885 at around 8:30 AM. Louis was led to the gallows – the trap door snapped open – & Riel was into the history books. Was Louis Riel a hero & a martyr or just a criminal? Even after 120 years the jury is still out, although it leans towards Riel as a bonefide Father of Confederation or, at least, a patriot. We encourage you to read more about Louis Riel. Understand him. Understand the time in which he lived. Come to your own conclusion!;"

HISTORICAL NOTE: "Harper's Weekly (A Journal of Civilization) was an American political magazine based in New York City. Published by Harper & Brothers from 1857 until 1916, it featured foreign and domestic news, fiction, essays on many subjects, and humor. During its most influential period it was the forum of the political cartoonist Thomas Nast. Harper & Brothers publishing was started in 1825 by James, John, Fletcher & Wesley Harper. Following the successful example of the Illustrated London News, Fletcher began publishing Harper’s Monthly in 1850. The publication was more intent on publishing established authors such as Dickens & Thackeray, but was a great enough success to begin publishing the Harper’s Weekly in 1857. By 1860 the Weekly’s circulation had reached 200,000. Illustrations were an important part of the Weekly’s content, & it developed a reputation for employing some of the most renowned illustrators, notably Winslow Homer & Livingston Hopkins. Among its recurring features were the political cartoons of Thomas Nast who was recruited in 1862 & would remain with the Weekly for more than 20 years. Nast was a feared caricaturist, considered by some the father of American political cartooning. He was the originator of the use of animals to represent the political parties—the Democrat’s donkey & the Republican’s elephant—as well as the familiar character of Santa Claus. So as not to upset its wide readership in the South, Harper’s took a moderate editorial position on the issue of slavery. For this it was called by the more hawkish publications “Harper’s Weakly.” The Weekly supported the Stephen A. Douglas presidential campaign against Abraham Lincoln, but as the American Civil War broke out, Lincoln & the Union received full & loyal support of the publication. Arguably, some of the most important articles & illustrations came from the Weekly’s reporting on the war. Besides renderings by Homer & Nast, Harpers also published illustrations by Theodore R. Davis, Henry Mosler, & the brothers Alfred Waud & William Waud. After the war, Harper's Weekly became more supportive of the Republican Party, playing an important role in the election of Ulysses S. Grant in 1868 & 1872. In the 1870s, cartoonist Thomas Nast began an aggressive campaign in the journal against the corrupt New York political leader William “Boss” Tweed. Nast turned down a $500,000 bribe to end his attack, & eventually Tweed was arrested in 1873 & convicted of fraud. Nast & the Weekly also played an important part in securing Rutherford B. Hayes’ 1876 presidential election. Later on Hayes remarked that Nast was "the most powerful, single-handed aid [he] had." In 1884, however, Nast supported the Democratic candidate, Grover Cleveland for president. In doing so, Nast helped Cleveland become the 1st Democratic president since 1856. In the words of the artist's grandson, Thomas Nast St Hill, "it was generally conceded that Nast's support won Cleveland the small margin by which he was elected. In this his last national political campaign, Nast had, in fact, 'made a president.'" Nevertheless, changing editorial policies at the journal since the death of Fletcher Harper in 1877 had placed constraints on Nast, & his contributions became less frequent. Nast's final contribution to Harper's Weekly was his Christmas illustration in December 1886. In the words of journalist Henry Watterson, "in quitting Harper's Weekly, Nast lost his forum: in losing him, Harper's Weekly lost its political importance." After 1900, Harper’s Weekly devoted more print to political & social issues, & featured articles by some of the more prominent political figures of the time, such as Theodore Roosevelt & Woodrow Wilson. Harper's Weekly was absorbed by The Independent (New York; later Boston) in 1916, which in turn merged with The Outlook in 1928. In the mid-1970s Harper's Magazine used the Harper's Weekly title for a spinoff publication. Actually a biweekly for most of its run, the revived Harper's Weekly depended on contributions from readers for much of its content.";

The primary item was part of the collection of Henry J. Hauschild Jr., who billed himself as a “Physiognomist – Bibliopolist – Cognoscente di Eccellentissimo”, and was the very proud owner of the world famous "Nose Gallery” at “The Oldest House” in Victoria, Texas. Henry Senior founded the Hauschild Music Company business which was later owned by his 8 children and eventually the four brothers before being closed in 1980;

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