STAR SPANGLED BANNER Francis Scott Key J STAFFORD SMITH 1975

1 Item Set or Lot of "Star-Spangled Banner"; by Francis Scott Key and John Stafford Smith; For Piano / Vocal / Guitar; Arranged by John W. Schaum; Commemorative Edition; Piano Solo with Words Song Folio Sheet Music. Includes:

ITEM 1.) Francis Scott Key; John Stafford Smith; John W. Schaum, Arranger; "Star-Spangled Banner"; Commemorative Edition; For Piano / Vocal / Guitar; Complete Sheet Music; 1975; Schaum Publications, Inc. #?????;

Small Format;

English Throughout;

Front Cover Artwork featuring "A Reduced Copy of the Original Flag That Waved Over Fort McHenry, Baltimore, Maryland, 1812"; Also small drawings of Francis Scott Key and Fort McHenry Under Siege;

Preprinted Cover Price of 60 cents;

Inside Front Cover is first page of music; Bottom of page has short "Story of the Star-Spangled Banner";

No Title Page or Table of Contents;

Star-Spangled Banner; Francis Scott Key; John Stafford Smith; Tune Arranged by John W. Schaum;

1 Tune Total;

2 pages of music with 4 Verses of Lyrics;

Rear Cover has ad for "Graded List of Schaum Sheet Music - This is a Partial List Showing Grade 2 Thru Grade 4-1/2 Titles"; This title is shown as Grade 2 (C);

Published by Schaum Publications, Inc.; Milwaukee, Wisconsin; Copyright 1975; Published for the US Bicentennial in 1976;

Condition Very Good for age and the fact that it was "on display" for some time; Covers May Show Storage Wear; Pages Clean, Tight and Unmarked;

The primary item was part of the collection of Henry J. Hauschild Jr., who billed himself as a “Physiognomist – Bibliopolist – Cognoscente di Eccellentissimo”, and was the very proud owner of the world famous "Nose Gallery” at “The Oldest House” in Victoria, Texas. Henry Senior founded the Hauschild Music Company which was later owned by his 8 children and eventually the four brothers before being closed in 1980; After the Opera House Restaurant failed, the space became the Bible Book Store and later Opera House Antiques; This item was part of the leftover inventory of the Music Store and at one time was on consignment at the Bible Book Store;

"Musicologist and historian, Delmer Rogers, longtime member of the staff of the Department of Music at the University of Texas, is of the opinion that the Hauschild Music Company, founded in Victoria, Texas in 1891, was the second oldest institution to commercially publish sheet music in Texas. (Thos. Goggan of Houston being the first.) Also, his extensive research indicates that Hauschild's was the first in Texas to issues music with Spanish titles. About thirty were published, many by talented writers, and sold in large numbers. In addition, probing seems to prove that Hauschilds was the first to publish the efforts of several of the music-loving Germans of the area. Most interesting, too, is that the spritely composition, the Cowboy Rag offered in 1904 possibly was the purcursor of this genre of popular music." taken from "The Cognoscenti Collections";

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HISTORICAL NOTE: ""The Star-Spangled Banner" is the national anthem of the US of America. The lyrics come from "Defence of Fort McHenry", a poem written in 1814 by the 35-year-old lawyer & amateur poet, Francis Scott Key, after witnessing the bombardment of Fort McHenry by the British Royal Navy ships in Chesapeake Bay during the Battle of Fort McHenry in the War of 1812. The poem was set to the tune of a popular British drinking song, written by John Stafford Smith for the Anacreontic Society, a men's social club in London. "The Anacreontic Song" (or "To Anacreon in Heaven"), with various lyrics, was already popular in the US. Set to Key's poem & renamed "The Star-Spangled Banner", it would soon become a well-known American patriotic song. With a range of one & a half octaves, it is known for being difficult to sing. Although the song has four stanzas, only the 1st is commonly sung today, with the 4th ("O! thus be it ever when free men shall stand...") added on more formal occasions. The 4th stanza includes the line "And this be our motto: In God is our Trust.". The US adopted "In God We Trust" as its national motto in 1956. "The Star-Spangled Banner" was recognized for official use by the Navy in 1889 & the President in 1916, & was made the national anthem by a congressional resolution on March 3, 1931 (46 Stat. 1508, codified at 36 U.S.C. § 301), which was signed by President Herbert Hoover. Before 1931, other songs served as the hymns of American officialdom. "Hail, Columbia" served this purpose at official functions for most of the 19th century. "My Country, 'Tis of Thee", whose melody was derived from the British national anthem, also served as a de facto anthem before the adoption of "The Star-Spangled Banner." Following the War of 1812 & subsequent American wars, other songs would emerge to compete for popularity at public events, among them "The Star-Spangled Banner." On September 3, 1814, Francis Scott Key & John Stuart Skinner set sail from Baltimore aboard the ship HMS Minden, flying a flag of truce on a mission approved by President James Madison. Their objective was to secure the exchange of prisoners, one of whom was Dr. William Beanes, the elderly & popular town physician of Upper Marlboro & a friend of Key’s who had been captured in his home. Beanes was accused of aiding the arrest of British soldiers. Key & Skinner boarded the British flagship HMS Tonnant on September 7 & spoke with Major General Robert Ross & Vice Admiral Alexander Cochrane over dinner while the two officers discussed war plans. At 1st, Ross & Cochrane refused to release Beanes, but relented after Key & Skinner showed them letters written by wounded British prisoners praising Beanes & other Americans for their kind treatment. Because Key & Skinner had heard details of the plans for the attack on Baltimore, they were held captive until after the battle, 1st aboard HMS Surprise & later back on HMS Minden. After the bombardment, certain British gunboats attempted to slip past the fort & effect a landing in a cove to the west of it, but they were turned away by fire from nearby Fort Covington, the city's last line of defense. During the rainy night, Key had witnessed the bombardment & observed that the fort’s smaller "storm flag" continued to fly, but once the shell & Congreve rocket barrage had stopped, he would not know how the battle had turned out until dawn. By then, the storm flag had been lowered & the larger flag had been raised. Key was inspired by the American victory & the sight of the large American flag flying triumphantly above the fort. This flag, with 15 stars & 15 stripes, came to be known as the Star Spangled Banner Flag & is today on display in the National Museum of American History, a treasure of the Smithsonian Institution. It was restored in 1914 by Amelia Fowler, & again in 1998 as part of an ongoing conservation program. Aboard the ship the next day, Key wrote a poem on the back of a letter he had kept in his pocket. At twilight on September 16, he & Skinner were released in Baltimore. He completed the poem at the Indian Queen Hotel, where he was staying, & entitled it "Defence of Fort McHenry." Much of the idea of the poem & even some of the wording is arguably derived from an earlier song by Key, also set to the tune of The Anacreontic Song. The song, known as "When the Warrior Returns," is said to have been written in honor of Stephen Decatur & Charles Stewart on their return from the First Barbary War. According to the historian Robin Blackburn, the words "the hireling & slave" allude to the fact that the British attackers had many ex-slaves in their ranks, who had been promised liberty & demanded to be placed in the battle line "where they might expect to meet their former masters." Key gave the poem to his brother-in-law, Judge Joseph H. Nicholson. Nicholson saw that the words fit the popular melody "The Anacreontic Song", of English composer John Stafford Smith, which was the official song of the Anacreontic Society, an 18th-century gentlemen's club of amateur musicians in London. Nicholson took the poem to a printer in Baltimore, who anonymously printed broadside copies of it—the song’s 1st known printing—on September 17; of these, two known copies survive. On September 20, both the Baltimore Patriot & The American printed the song, with the note "Tune: Anacreon in Heaven." The song quickly became popular, with 17 newspapers from Georgia to New Hampshire printing it. Soon after, Thomas Carr of the Carr Music Store in Baltimore published the words & music together under the title "The Star-Spangled Banner," although it was originally called "Defence of Fort McHenry." The song’s popularity increased, & its 1st public performance took place in October, when Baltimore actor Ferdinand Durang sang it at Captain McCauley’s tavern. Washington Irving, then editor of The Analectic Magazine in Philadelphia, reprinted the song in November 1814. The song gained popularity throughout the 19th century & bands played it during public events, such as July 4 celebrations. On July 27, 1889, Secretary of the Navy Benjamin F. Tracy signed General Order #374, making "The Star-Spangled Banner" the official tune to be played at the raising of the flag. In 1916, President Woodrow Wilson ordered that "The Star-Spangled Banner" be played at military & other appropriate occasions. Although the playing of the song two years later during the 7th-inning stretch of the 1918 World Series is often noted as the 1st instance that the anthem was played at a baseball game, evidence shows that the "Star-Spangled Banner" was performed as early as 1897 at opening day ceremonies in Philadelphia & then more regularly at the Polo Grounds in New York City beginning in 1898. However, the tradition of performing the national anthem before every baseball game began in World War II. Today, the anthem is performed before the beginning of all MLS, NBA, NFL, MLB & NHL games (with at least one American team playing), as well as in a pre-race ceremony portion of every NASCAR race. In Baltimore, where the anthem was written, fans at the Baltimore Orioles, Baltimore Ravens, & Maryland Terrapins game often yell "O!" when the anthem reaches the line, "Oh, say does that Star Spangled...". This began because one of the common nicknames for the Orioles is the "O's". On November 3, 1929, Robert Ripley drew a panel in his syndicated cartoon, Ripley's Believe it or Not!, saying "Believe It or Not, America has no national anthem". In 1931, John Philip Sousa published his opinion in favor, stating that "it is the spirit of the music that inspires" as much as it is Key’s "soul-stirring" words. By a law signed on March 3, 1931 by President Herbert Hoover, "The Star-Spangled Banner" was adopted as the official national anthem of the US. The 1st "pop" performance of the anthem heard by mainstream America was by Puerto Rican singer & guitarist Jose Feliciano. He shocked some people in the crowd at Tiger Stadium in Detroit & some Americans when he strummed a slow, bluesy rendition of the national anthem before game five of the 1968 World Series between Detroit & St. Louis. This rendition started contemporary "Star-Spangled Banner" controversies. The response from many in Vietnam-era America was generally negative, given that 1968 was a tumultuous year for the US. Despite the controversy, Feliciano's performance opened the door for the countless interpretations of the "Star-Spangled Banner" heard today. One week after Feliciano's performance, the anthem was in the news again when American athletes Tommie Smith & John Carlos lifted controversial raised-fists at the 1968 Olympics while the "Star-Spangled Banner" played at a medal ceremony. Marvin Gaye gave a soul-influenced performance at the 1983 NBA All-Star Game & Whitney Houston gave a soulful rendition before Super Bowl XXV in 1991, which was released as a single that charted at number 20 in 1991 & number 6 in 2001 (the only times the anthem has been on the Billboard Hot 100). Another famous instrumental interpretation is Jimi Hendrix's version which was a set-list staple from autumn 1968 until his death in September 1970. Incorporating sonic effects to emphasize the "rockets' red glare", & "bombs bursting in air", it became a late-1960s emblem. Roseanne Barr gave a controversial performance of the anthem at a San Diego Padres baseball game at Jack Murphy Stadium on July 25, 1990. The comedienne belted out a screechy rendition of the song, & afterward she attempted a gesture of ball players by spitting & grabbing her crotch as if adjusting a protective cup. The song & the closing routine offended many in the audience &, later, across the country after it was played on television. In March 2005, a government-sponsored program, the National Anthem Project, was launched after a Harris Interactive poll showed many adults knew neither the lyrics nor the history of the anthem. O! say can you see by the dawn's early light, What so proudly we hailed at the twilight's last gleaming, Whose broad stripes and bright stars through the perilous fight, O'er the ramparts we watched, were so gallantly streaming? And the rockets' red glare, the bombs bursting in air, Gave proof through the night that our flag was still there; O! say does that star-spangled banner yet wave, O'er the land of the free and the home of the brave? On the shore, dimly seen through the mists of the deep, Where the foe's haughty host in dread silence reposes, What is that which the breeze, o'er the towering steep, As it fitfully blows, half conceals, half discloses? Now it catches the gleam of the morning's first beam, In full glory reflected now shines in the stream: 'Tis the star-spangled banner, O! long may it wave O'er the land of the free and the home of the brave. And where is that band who so vauntingly swore That the havoc of war and the battle's confusion, A home and a country should leave us no more? Their blood has washed out their foul footsteps' pollution. No refuge could save the hireling and slave From the terror of flight, or the gloom of the grave: And the star-spangled banner in triumph doth wave O'er the land of the free and the home of the brave. O! thus be it ever, when freemen shall stand Between their loved home and the war's desolation. Blest with victory and peace, may the heav'n rescued land Praise the Power that hath made and preserved us a nation! Then conquer we must, when our cause it is just, And this be our motto: "In God is our trust." And the star-spangled banner in triumph shall wave O'er the land of the free and the home of the brave! In indignation over the start of the Civil War, Oliver Wendell Holmes added a 5th stanza to the song in 1861 which appeared in songbooks of the era. When our land is illumined with liberty's smile, If a foe from within strikes a blow at her glory, Down, down with the traitor that tries to defile The flag of the stars, and the page of her story! By the millions unchained, Who their birthright have gained We will keep her bright blazon forever unstained; And the star-spangled banner in triumph shall wave, While the land of the free is the home of the brave. In a version hand-written by Francis Scott Key in 1840, the 3rd line reads "Whose bright stars & broad stripes, through the clouds of the fight,". US Code, 36 U.S.C. § 301, states that during a rendition of the national anthem, when the flag is displayed, all present except those in uniform should stand at attention facing the flag with the right hand over the heart; Members of the Armed Forces & veterans who are present & not in uniform may render the military salute; men not in uniform should remove their headdress with their right hand & hold the headdress at the left shoulder, the hand being over the heart; & individuals in uniform should give the military salute at the 1st note of the anthem & maintain that position until the last note; & when the flag is not displayed, all present should face toward the music & act in the same manner they would if the flag were displayed. Military law requires all vehicles on the installation to stop when the song is played & all individuals outside to stand at attention & face the direction of the music & either salute, in uniform, or place the right hand over the heart, if out of uniform. Recently enacted law in 2008 allows military veterans to salute out of uniform, as well. However, this statutory suggestion does not have any penalty associated with violations. 36 U.S.C. § 301 Moreover, generations of students who were introduced to flag etiquette prior to its enactment in 1998 were taught that the hand over the heart gesture was exclusively for the Pledge of Allegiance which has had the statutory requirement for much longer.(4 U.S.C. § 4) This behavioral requirement for the national anthem is subject to the same First Amendment controversies that surround the Pledge. For example, Jehovah’s Witnesses are not required to stand for or sing the national anthem. As a result of immigration to the US, as well as the absorption of significant numbers of Spanish-speakers in the Southwest & Puerto Rico, the lyrics of the song were translated into other languages. In 1861, it was translated into German. The Library of Congress also has record of a Spanish-language version from 1919. It has since been translated into Hebrew & Yiddish by Jewish immigrants, Latin American Spanish (with one version popularized during pro-immigration rallies in 2006), French by Acadians of Louisiana, Samoan, & Irish. The 3rd verse of the anthem has also been translated into Latin. With regard to the indigenous languages of North America, there are versions in Navajo & Cherokee. The song is notoriously difficult for nonprofessionals to sing, because of its wide range – an octave & a half. Garrison Keillor has frequently campaigned for the performance of the anthem in the original key, G major, which can be managed by most average singers without difficulty (it is usually played in A-flat or B-flat). Humorist Richard Armour referred to the song's difficulty in his book It All Started With Columbus. In an attempt to take Baltimore, the British attacked Fort McHenry, which protected the harbor. Bombs were soon bursting in air, rockets were glaring, & all in all it was a moment of great historical interest. During the bombardment, a young lawyer named Francis Scott Key wrote "The Star-Spangled Banner", & when, by the dawn's early light, the British heard it sung, they fled in terror —Richard Armour. Professional & amateur singers have been known to forget the words, which is one reason the song is sometimes pre-recorded & lip-synced. Other times the issue is avoided by having the performer(s) play the anthem instrumentally instead of singing it. Such situations have been lampooned in film. The pre-recording of the anthem has become standard practice at some ballparks, such as Boston's Fenway Park, according to the SABR publication The Fenway Project. Pop singer Christina Aguilera performed the wrong lyrics to the song prior to Super Bowl XLV, replacing the song's 4th line, "o'er the ramparts we watched were so gallantly streaming," with an alteration of the 2nd line, "what so proudly we watched at the twilight's last gleaming". "The Star-Spangled Banner" is traditionally played at the beginning of public sports events & orchestral concerts in the US, as well as other public gatherings. Performances at particularly large events are often ended with a military flypast. The NHL requires arenas in both the U.S. & Canada to perform both the Canadian & American national anthems at games that involve teams from both countries. One especially unusual performance of the song took place on September 12, 2001, after the US had been attacked by terrorists the day before: it was played by the Band of the Coldstream Guards at Buckingham Palace in London at the ceremonial Changing of the Guard as a gesture of support for Britain's ally. The tune has been referenced in many other musical compositions. The city of Philadelphia commissioned Richard Wagner to write a piece in honor of the centenary of U.S. independence. His American Centennial March uses a recurring allusion to "The Star-Spangled Banner" in its main theme. The 19th-century American composer Louis Moreau Gottschalk incorporated both "The Star-Spangled Banner" & "Yankee Doodle" in his piano composition The Union. Giacomo Puccini controversially used the opening phrases of "The Star-Spangled Banner" as a theme for the character of Pinkerton in his opera Madama Butterfly. The last of Leopold Godowsky's set of thirty piano pieces titled Triakontameron is "Requiem (1914–1918): Epilogue", which concludes with a full-blown romantic arrangement of the anthem. The paraphrase of the 1st stanza is used in the score of American Panorama (1933) by Daniele Amfitheatrof. The 1st verse of the George M. Cohan song, "The Yankee Doodle Boy", contains the line, "O, say, can you see / Anything about a Yankee that's a phony?" In 1926 songwriter Leon Flatow used the 1st line & its melody as inspiration for "Oh, Say, Can I See You Tonight?" In 1936, Al Stillman, Alex Hyde, & Basil Adlam did the same thing for "Oh, Say, Can You Swing?" The title tune of the 1960s musical Hair contains the lines (sung to the usual tune) "O, say, can you see / my eyes? If you can / then my hair's too short!" In the musical 1776 the song "Cool, Cool Considerate Men" starts & ends with the beginning bars of "The Star-Spangled Banner" & begins with the lyrics "Oh say do you see what I see?" The song is used in the multi-media performance piece "Home of the Brave" by artist/musician Laurie Anderson. In Stephen Sondheim's Broadway musical, Assassins (1991), the song Another National Anthem takes the 1st three notes of "The Star-Spangled Banner" & reverses them to form the opening vocal motif of the choruses. E. E. Bagley's composition "National Emblem" incorporates a portion of "The Star-Spangled Banner". Leon Russell's cover version of Bob Dylan's "Masters of War" features him singing the 1st stanza in the style of "The Star-Spangled Banner". Supertramp sax player John Helliwell played the 1st part of the song as part of his improvisational saxophone solo during "Fool's Overture" on the band's Even in the Quietest Moments... tour in 1977. Rock guitarist Jimi Hendrix played his own iconic version of the song as part of his performance set list from August 16, 1968, to August 31, 1970. The most famous performance of his version, which included creating the simulated sounds of war (explosions, gunfire, etc.) on his guitar, was at the 1969 Woodstock Festival. Hendrix's version has been covered by many famous musical groups of all styles, such as Pearl Jam & the Kronos Quartet. Bruce Kulick, former Kiss guitarist, performs the song on Kiss' Alive III album. The rock group Boston performs an instrumental version of the anthem on their greatest hits album titled "Star Spangled Banner/4th of July Reprise". The American metal band Iced Earth performed an instrumental version as the opening track on their 2004 album "The Glorious Burden". Another heavy metal instrumental version was performed by Eric Burdon & The New Animals in 2000 on their 2001 live album "Official Live Bootleg 2000". British composer Gordon Jacob quoted the final strains of the anthem in his 1954 wind ensemble composition, "Flag of Stars". In the Brazilian rock-band Engenheiros do Hawaii's rendition of "Era Um Garoto Que Como Eu Amava Os Beatles E Os Rolling Stones", there's a guitar solo with many National Anthem parts, that starts with "The Star-Spangled Banner". Punk band Propagandhi's USA-critical song "Today's Empires, Tomorrow's Ashes" includes the lyrics "basked in the rocket's blinding red glare, the bombs bursting in air, one nation indivisible". Whitney Houston's recording of the song was released as a commercial single, reaching the Top 20 on the US Hot 100 making her the only act to turn the national anthem into a pop hit. The Star Spangled Banner was the subject of a parody of the words for Independence Day, 2010, by The Onion. On alternative rock band My Chemical Romance's 2010 album, Danger Days: The True Lives of the Fabulous Killjoys, the anthem is used in full on the track "Goodnight, Dr. Death" as sort of an homage to classic radio & television sign offs. Several films have their titles taken from the song lyrics. These include two films entitled Dawn's Early Light (2000 & 2005); two made-for-TV features entitled By Dawn's Early Light (1990 & 2000); two films entitled So Proudly We Hail (1943 & 1990); a feature (1977) & a short (2005) entitled Twilight's Last Gleaming; & four films entitled Home of the Brave (1949, 1986, 2004 & 2006). The Isaac Asimov short story "No Refuge Could Save" takes its title from a line in the 3rd verse. In the story, the protagonist notes that he once ferreted out a German spy during World War II because of the spy's knowledge of the 3rd verse, which is virtually unknown by Americans. Ken Burns' documentary Baseball consists of 9 "innings", each of which begins with a rendition of the Star-Spangled Banner that is historically appropriate for the period covered in that episode of the series. The 2002 movie The Sum of All Fears featured the 2nd half of the 4th verse being sung instead of the 1st at a major football game. In Angels in America, the disillusioned Belize says "The white cracker who wrote the national anthem knew what he was doing. He set the word 'free' to a note so high nobody can reach it. That was deliberate. Nothing on earth sounds less like freedom to me." In All Grown Up! (2003) Tommy Pickles, Dil Pickles, Angelica Pickles, Kimi Finster, Chuckie Finster, Lil DeVille, Phil DeVille & Susie Carmichael sang it at the football game. In The Naked Gun: From the Files of Police Squad!, main character Frank Drebin butchers the anthem before a baseball game while posing as fictitious opera singer Enrico Pallazzo. Portions of his version include "And the rockets...red glare! Bunch of bombs...in the air!" In Borat, the titular character sings a fictional Kazakh national anthem to the tune of Star Spangled Banner. In Eagle Eye (2008) the trigger to detonate an explosive near the US president is set to activate when the high F on a trumpet is played.";

HISTORICAL NOTE: "Francis Scott Key (August 1, 1779 – January 11, 1843) was an American lawyer, author, & amateur poet, from Georgetown, who wrote the lyrics to the US national anthem, "The Star-Spangled Banner". Francis Scott Key was born to Ann Phoebe Penn Dagworthy (Charlton) & Captain John Ross Key at the family plantation Terra Rubra in what was Frederick County & is now Carroll County, Maryland. His father John Ross Key was a lawyer, a judge & an officer in the Continental Army. His great-grandparents were Philip Key & Susanna Barton Gardiner, both born in London, England, immigrated to Maryland in 1726. He studied law at St. John's College, Annapolis, Maryland & also learned under his uncle Philip Barton Key. During the War of 1812, Key, accompanied by the American Prisoner Exchange Agent Colonel John Stuart Skinner, dined aboard the British ship HMS Tonnant, as the guests of three British officers: Vice Admiral Alexander Cochrane, Rear Admiral Sir George Cockburn, & Major General Robert Ross. Skinner & Key were there to negotiate the release of prisoners, one being Dr. William Beanes. Beanes was a resident of Upper Marlboro, Maryland & had been captured by the British after he placed rowdy stragglers under citizen's arrest with a group of men. Skinner, Key, & Beanes were not allowed to return to their own sloop: they had become familiar with the strength & position of the British units & with the British intent to attack Baltimore. As a result of this, Key was unable to do anything but watch the bombarding of the American forces at Fort McHenry during the Battle of Baltimore on the night of September 13–September 14, 1814. When the smoke cleared, Key was able to see an American flag still waving & reported this to the prisoners below deck. On the way back to Baltimore, he was inspired to write a poem describing his experience, "The Defence of Fort McHenry", which he published in the Patriot on September 20, 1814. He intended to fit the rhythms of composer John Stafford Smith's "To Anacreon in Heaven". It has become better known as "The Star Spangled Banner". Under this name, the song was adopted as the American national anthem, 1st by an Executive Order from President Woodrow Wilson in 1916 (which had little effect beyond requiring military bands to play it) & then by a Congressional resolution in 1931, signed by President Herbert Hoover. In the 4th stanza Key urged the adoption of "In God is our Trust" as the national motto. The US adopted the motto "In God We Trust" by law in 1956. From 1817 until his death in 1843, Key served as a Vice President of the American Bible Society. In 1832, Key served as the attorney for Sam Houston during his trial in the U.S. House of Representatives for assaulting another Congressman. He published a prose work called The Power of Literature, & Its Connection with Religion in 1834. In 1835, Key prosecuted Richard Lawrence for his unsuccessful attempt to assassinate President of the US Andrew Jackson. In 1843, Key died at the home of his daughter Elizabeth Howard in Baltimore from pleurisy & was initially interred in Old Saint Paul's Cemetery in the vault of John Eager Howard. In 1866, his body was moved to his family plot in Frederick at Mount Olivet Cemetery. Though Key had written poetry from time to time, often with heavily religious themes, these works were not collected & published until 14 years after his death. The Key Monument Association erected a memorial in 1898 & the remains of both Francis Scott Key & his wife were placed in a crypt in the base of the monument. In 1861, Key's grandson Francis Key Howard, was imprisoned in Fort McHenry with the Mayor of Baltimore, George William Brown, & other locals deemed to be pro-South. Key was a distant cousin & the namesake of F. Scott Fitzgerald whose full name was Francis Scott Key Fitzgerald. His direct descendants include geneticist Thomas Hunt Morgan, guitarist Dana Key, & the American fashion designer & socialite Pauline de Rothschild. Key's daughter, Alice, married U.S. Senator George H. Pendleton. His sister, Anne Phoebe Charlton Key, married Roger B. Taney, future Chief Justice of the US & author of the Court's Dred Scott decision. Key's son, Philip Barton Key II was shot & killed by General Daniel Sickles in 1859 after General Sickles discovered that his wife was having an affair with Philip Barton Key. Sickles was acquitted in the 1st use of the temporary insanity defense. The official Spanish translation of the Star Spangled Banner was written by Clotilde Arias. While there were three efforts to save the Francis Scott Key residence, it was dismantled in 1947. The residence was located at 3516-18 M Street in Georgetown. Two bridges are named in his honor. The 1st is the Francis Scott Key Bridge between the Rosslyn section of Arlington County, Virginia, & Georgetown in Washington, D.C.. Scott's Georgetown home, which was dismantled in 1947 (as part of construction for the Whitehurst Freeway), was located on M Street NW, in the area between the Key Bridge & the intersection of M Street & Whitehurst Freeway. The location is illustrated on a sign in the Francis Scott Key park. The other bridge is the Francis Scott Key Bridge, part of the Baltimore Beltway crossing the outer harbor of Baltimore, Maryland. Baltimore's Francis Scott Key Bridge is located at the approximate point where the British anchored to shell Fort McHenry. St. John's College, Annapolis, which Key graduated from in 1796, has an auditorium named in his honor. Francis Scott Key was inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame in 1970. He is buried at Mount Olivet Cemetery in Frederick. His family plot is next to Thomas Johnson, the 1st governor of Maryland, & friend Barbara Fritchie, who allegedly waved the American flag out of her home in defiance of Stonewall Jackson's march through the city during the Civil War. Fritchie's resistance was memorialized in a poem by Poet Laureate John Greenleaf Whittier. Francis Scott Key Hall at the University of Maryland, College Park is named in his honor. The George Washington University also has a residence hall in Key's honor at the corner of 20th & F Streets. Francis Scott Key also has a school named after him in Brooklyn, New York. I.S 117 is a junior high school located in the Fort Greene section of Brooklyn on Willoughby Avenue. It houses 6th, 7th, & 8th grade classrooms as well as a District 75 Special Education unit. The Special Education classes include children who are emotionally disturbed. Francis Scott Key High School in rural Carroll County, Maryland. Francis Scott Key Middle School (at least three). Francis Scott Key Elementary School (several, including California, Maryland, Virginia, Washington, DC). Francis Scott Key Mall in Frederick County, Maryland. The Frederick Keys minor league baseball team is named after Key. A monument to Key was commissioned by San Francisco businessman James Lick, who donated some $60,000 for a sculpture of Key to be raised in Golden Gate Park. The travertine monument was executed by sculptor William W. Story in Rome in 1885-87. The city of San Francisco recently allocated some $140,000 to renovate the Key monument, which was about to be lost to environmental degradation if repairs weren't made. Repairs were recently finished on the monument located in the music concourse outside the de Young Museum. The US Navy named a submarine in his honor, the USS Francis Scott Key.";

HISTORICAL NOTE: "John Stafford Smith (30 March 1750 – 21 September 1836) was a British composer born in Gloucester, England, church organist, & early musicologist. He was one of the 1st serious collectors of manuscripts of works by Johann Sebastian Bach. Stafford Smith is best known for writing the music for "The Anacreontic Song", which became the tune for the American patriotic song The Star-Spangled Banner following the War of 1812, & in 1931 was adopted as the national anthem of the US of America. John Stafford Smith was baptised in Gloucester Cathedral, England on 30 March 1750, the son of Martin Smith, organist of Gloucester Cathedral from 1743-1782. He attended the Gloucester cathedral school where he became a boy-singer. He furthered his career as a choir boy at the Chapel Royal, London & also studied under the famous Dr. William Boyce. By the 1770s he had gained a reputation as a composer & organist. He was elected as a member of the select Anacreontic Society which boasted amongst its membership such persons as Samuel Johnson, James Boswell, Sir Joshua Reynolds & Henry Purcell. In the 1770s, Smith composed music for the society's constitutional song entitled "To Anacreon in Heaven" (The Anacreontic Song). The words were by Ralph Tomlinson (1744–1778) president of the society, & were inspired by the 6th-century BC Greek lyric poet, Anacreon, who wrote odes on the pleasures of love & wine. It was 1st published by The Vocal Magazine (London, 1778). The song became popular in Britain & also America following the establishment of several Anacreontic Societies there. Stafford Smith later became a Gentleman of the Chapel Royal in 1784, organist for the Chapel Royal in 1802 & Master of the Children in 1805. he also became lay-vicar of Westminster Abbey. He was organist at the Three Choirs Festival held at Gloucester in 1790. John Stafford Smith is considered to be the 1st Englishman to be a serious antiquarian & musicologist. He began by publishing his A Collection of English Song in 1779. Smith's library included the Old Hall Manuscript as well as a copy of "Ulm Gesangbuch" from 1538. He also collected works that dated back to the 12th century including some Gregorian chants. His publication "Musica Antiqua" (1812) included musical scores of works by Jacob Obrecht, Adrian Willaert, Jacob Clemens & Cristóbal de Morales with historical notes on each piece. He died in 1836 at the age of eighty-six, allegedly caused by a grape-pip lodged in his windpipe. In 1814, Francis Scott Key wrote the poem "The Defence of Fort McHenry" (later re-titled, "The Star-Spangled Banner"), which came to be sung to the tune of Stafford Smith's "Anacreon". This was officially designated as the national anthem of the US in 1931. The music of "Anacreon" was also temporarily employed for the national anthem of Luxembourg until the anthem's replacement by Ons Heemecht in 1895.";

HISTORICAL NOTE: "John W. Schaum (Arranger); Born: January 27, 1905 - Milwaukee, USA; Died: July 19, 1988 - Milwaukee, USA; The American piano pedagogue, John W(illiam) Schaum, studied at Milwaukee State Teachers College, at Marquette University (B.M., 1931), & at Northwestern University (M.M., 1934). John W. Schaum established a successful piano teaching class in Milwaukee & published several piano methods & many collections of piano pieces that sold an enormous number of copies: The Schaum Piano Course (9 vols.); The Schaum Adult Piano Course (3 vols.); The Schaum Duet Albums (2 vols.); also theory books: The Schaum Theory Lessons (2 vols.) & The Schaum Note Spellers (2 vols.)." Schaum republished some HMC sheet music in the 1970's.;

HISTORICAL NOTE: "Founder & director of the Schaum Music School in Milwaukee, John W. Schaum is the composer of internationally famous piano teaching materials including over 200 books & 450 sheet music pieces. He was president of the Wisconsin Music Teachers Association & a soloist with the Milwaukee Philharmonic Orchestra. He held a Master of Music degree from Northwestern University, a Bachelor of Music degree from Marquette University & a Bachelor of Music Education degree from the University of Wisconsin Milwaukee. I often talk with teachers who share warm memories of my father, John W. Schaum. They recall the special pleasure of meeting him at one of his workshops or their pride in joining him in a duet. They tell how his artistry, personality & musical philosophy touched them & ultimately, their students. Schaum Publications is the continuation of his work. Knowing the story of John Schaum is to know how our company was conceived & built, where we are now, & what we envision for the future to bring music to others. My father was a saver. As a result, his office had an accumulation of things scattered over the top of every horizontal surface, including his antique Steinway grand piano. When visitors came, he liked to show a reproduction of an old engraving of Beethoven in his study, sitting among numerous piles of papers & manuscripts in conspicuous disarray. Contrary to the appearance of his office, Dad was really very well organized. There was always a purpose for the things he saved. He saved clippings from magazines & newspapers. Among many concert reviews & articles about performers & composers were clippings reflecting his political and social interests. There were copies of occasional letters to the editor he had written when he had strong feelings. Also included were articles on dozens of topics from animals & zoos to railroads & astronauts that he felt might serve to stimulate ideas in his teaching, writing & workshops. He saved copies of correspondence with publishers, pianists, teachers, insurance companies, & manufacturers whose products he found irksome or defective. There were copies of recital & concert programs beginning in the mid 1920's, along with souvenir programs from countless ballets, circuses, musicals, magic shows, operas, ice skating extravaganzas & wrestling matches. He also saved postcards, photographs, sight-seeing brochures & historical pamphlets from his travels throughout all fifty states. Needless to say, he had a vast collection of music, mostly for piano (more about this later). Fortunately, he was able to hire a team of librarians who helped to organize & catalog the music along with all the other things. All of this brings to mind an appreciation of the wide array of interests that formed the background for his creative endeavors. It all started when he decided to make a career of piano teaching in the late 1920's. Dad began working as a private teacher & after several years organized the Schaum Piano School in 1933. The teaching faculty gradually expanded to a point where the school had eleven teaching studios up on the 3rd floor of an office building on the east side of Milwaukee, just a few blocks from Lake Michigan. The collective teaching experiences in his school became the fountainhead for his writings....";

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